Hi there, this is a fantastic question. Synapses can get stronger in many ways (explained below… but firstly I need to introduce four terms!)
1. Presynaptic cell: The cell that is sending the impulse
2. Postsynaptic cell: The cell that is receiving the impulse
3. Neurotransmitter: It’s a chemical that the presynaptic cell releases to communicate with the postsynaptic cell.
4. Receptors: They are located in the postynaptic cell and they respond to the neurotransmitter.
So here is the answer: For synapses to get stronger: either a) the presynaptic cell can release a much larger quantity of neurotransmitter, or b) some times the postsynaptic cell can increase the number of receptors for that neurotransmitter.
The synapses that I study in a part of the brain called the hippocampus use the option b above.
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